[173] In a 2015 report, The Ministry of Education states that in 2014 the mean number of school years completed in rural areas is 7.39 as compared to 10.86 in urban areas. Being a small country and a consumer of foreign technology, Ecuador has favored research supported by entrepreneurship in information technology. Peru claimed that Ecuador's military presence in Peruvian-claimed territory was an invasion; Ecuador, for its part, claimed that Peru had recently invaded Ecuador around the Zarumilla River and that Peru since Ecuador's independence from Spain has systematically occupied Tumbez, Jaen, and most of the disputed territories in the Amazonian Basin between the Putomayo and Maraon Rivers. Ecuador and Peru came to an accord formalized in the Rio Protocol, signed on 29 January 1942, in favor of hemispheric unity against the Axis Powers in World War II favoring Peru with the territory they occupied at the time the war came to an end. 200S 7730W / 2.000S 77.500W / -2.000; -77.500, This article is about the country in South America. There are reports of prisoners having died while in police custody. Learn about one of the world's oldest and most popular religions. [108] In 2011, its GDP grew at 8% and ranked third highest in Latin America, behind Argentina (2nd) and Panama (1st). Spanish is spoken as the first language by more than 90% of the population and as a first or second language by more than 98%. Ecuador - The World Factbook The Galpagos Islands are well known as a region of distinct fauna, as the famous place of birth to Darwin's Theory of Evolution, and as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Overbilling is recorded in 20% of public establishments and in 80% of private establishments. These areas were included as part of the territory of Gran Colombia by Bolivar on 17 December 1819, during the Congress of Angostura when the Republic of Gran Colombia was created. [126] Pines and cedars are planted in the region of La Sierra and walnuts, rosemary, and balsa wood in the Guayas River Basin. Beef is also notably consumed in the coastal region, traditional dishes are churrasco and arroz con menestra y carne asada (rice with beans and grilled beef) served with fried plantain. Famous authors from the late colonial and early republic period include Eugenio Espejo, a printer and main author of the first newspaper in Ecuadorian colonial times; Jose Joaquin de Olmedo (born in Guayaquil), famous for his ode to Simn Bolvar titled Victoria de Junin; Juan Montalvo, a prominent essayist and novelist; Juan Leon Mera, famous for his work "Cumanda" or "Tragedy among Savages" and the Ecuadorian National Anthem; Juan A. Martinez with A la Costa; Dolores Veintimilla;[197] and others. They were led by Juan Po Montfar, Quiroga, Salinas, and Bishop Cuero y Caicedo. The Borja government concluded an accord leading to the disbanding of the small terrorist group, "Alfaro Vive, Carajo!" The equator is the only line of latitude which is a great circle. Since 1936, voting is compulsory for all literate persons aged 1865, optional for all other citizens.[62]. For other uses, see, According to the 2020 population projections, Struggle for possession of the Amazon Basin. The other four include the Arctic Circle, the Antarctic Circle, the Tropic of Cancer, and the Tropic of Capricorn.Because the Earth is a sphere, the equatorthe middle lineis significantly longer than any of the other lines of latitude. He took office on 10 August, as the first constitutionally elected president after nearly a decade of civilian and military dictatorships. Part of Ecuador's population can speak Amerindian languages, in some cases as a second language. In five months, New Granada defeated Ecuador due to the fact that the majority of the Ecuadorian Armed Forces were composed of rebellious angry unpaid veterans from Venezuela and Colombia that did not want to fight against their fellow countrymen. Ecuador is bigger than Uruguay, Suriname, Guyana and French Guiana in South America. The equator runs through some islands . On 10 August 1809, the city's criollos called for independence from Spain (first among the peoples of Latin America). Our editors update and regularly refine this enormous body of information to bring you reliable information. [110] For landmasses along the Atlantic Ocean or the Pacific Ocean, the cooling effects of the water and the evaporation caused by the sunlight create the ideal conditions for plant growth: lots of sunlight, lots of moisture. Omissions? The country is classified as an upper-middle-income country. [72] In October 2022, the United Nations expressed concerns about the dire situation in various detention centers and prisons, and the human rights of those deprived of liberty in Ecuador.[73]. The Minister of Public Health is appointed directly by the President of the Republic. On 6 May 1904, Ecuador signed the Tobar-Rio Branco Treaty recognizing Brazil's claims to the Amazon in recognition of Ecuador's claim to be an Amazonian country to counter Peru's earlier Treaty with Brazil back on 23 October 1851. The town has now become an attraction due to the austere British homes in "El Barrio Ingles" situated in a contrasting tropical setting. The Geography of Earth's Equator - ThoughtCo The Ecuadorian Armed Forces (Fuerzas Armadas de la Republica de Ecuador), consists of the Army, Air Force, and Navy and have the stated responsibility for the preservation of the integrity and national sovereignty of the national territory. Four years later in 1941, amid fast-growing tensions within disputed territories around the Zarumilla River, war broke out with Peru. [120] It lasted about three weeks, totalling just over $500 million economic losses, before their production returned to its normal level of 435,000 barrels per day (69,200m3/d) in early 2022. Provincial governors and councilors (mayors, aldermen, and parish boards) are directly elected. In Ecuador's current judicial system, judges are selected in a contest of merits, rather than government appointments. Ecuadorian Spanish idiosyncrasies reflect the ethnic and racial populations that originated and settled the distinct areas of the country. The coast is also a leading producer of bananas, cocoa beans (to make chocolate), shrimp, tilapia, mango, and passion fruit, among other products. Above the Equator is a zone of low atmospheric pressure called the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ), which occurs as a wide belt ofconvergingtrade winds and rising air that encircles the planet. Tropical rainforests, which worldwide make up one of Earths largest biomes, are dominated by broad-leaved trees that form a dense upper canopy and contain a diverse array of vegetation and other life. [180] They reside mostly in Quito and Guayaquil. There are thirteen permanent committees. The legacy of both empires is reflected in Ecuador's ethnically diverse population, with most of its 17.8 million people being mestizos, followed by large minorities of Europeans, Native American, African, and Asian descendants. Its inhabitants celebrated what is now Ecuador's official Independence Day on 24 May 1822. In the United States, the parallel defines the southern border of Tennessee, and the border between North Carolina and Georgia, as well as the tripoint of Arizona-California-Nevada. Low altitude areas along the equator experience tropical rainforest climatic conditions although some oceanic currents may cause some of the areas to experience tropical monsoon or arid climates. The Equator divides Earth into the Northern and Southern hemispheres. The Equator is a line of latitude that bisects the globe at its widest point, and where the hours of light and darkness are equal throughout the year. In the absence of the section between Loja and the border with Peru, there are the Route Espondilus and/or Ruta del Sol (oriented to travel along the Ecuadorian coastline) and the Amazon backbone (which crosses from north to south along the Ecuadorian Amazon, linking most and more major cities of it). In addition to more than 16,000 species of plants, the country has 106 endemic reptiles, 138 endemic amphibians, and 6,000 species of butterfly. These are elected by the Judicial Council on the basis of opposition proceedings and merits. [156], The first Jews arrived in Ecuador in the 16th and 17th centuries. The most notable are those coming from Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay. The sovereign state of Ecuador is a representative democratic republic and a developing country[17] whose economy is highly dependent on exports of commodities, namely petroleum and agricultural products. Colombia protested stating that its claims extended south toward the Napo and Amazon Rivers. The Suns rays are directly overhead (that is, striking at a 90 angle with respect to the surface) at noon during both equinoxes at the Equator, and they are nearly direct for the remainder of the year. There are no distinct seasons in countries that lie along the equator. [164] Ecuadorians have a life expectancy of 77.1 years. In 1830, Ecuador separated from Gran Colombia and became an independent republic. At the same time, the country's Gini index of economic inequality decreased from 0.55 to 0.47. India may. Plantain- and peanut-based dishes are quite frequent in the coastal region reflecting the West African roots of many of its citizens. The Italian government came to be more interested in the emigration phenomenon in Ecuador because of the necessity of finding an outlet for the large number of immigrants who traditionally went to the United States but who could no longer enter this country because of the Emergency Quota Act of 1921 that restricted immigration of Southern and Eastern Europeans as well as other "undesirables. The acting president's wife receives the title of First Lady of Ecuador. Ecuador is roughly the size of Colorado and is bordered by Colombia and Peru. It is originally from northern Ecuador (Otavalo-Imbabura). The technical definition is that a tropical zone is a place where the sun will shine directly overhead at least once each year. [79] The Air Academy "Cosme Rennella (c. 1920), also located in Salinas, graduates air force officers.[80]. Need a reference? Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Countries that the equator passes through are: Gabon Congo Democratic Republic of Congo Uganda Kenya Somalia So Tom and Prncipe Maldives Kiribati Indonesia Ecuador Colombia Brazil Equatorial Countries in Asia In Asia, the equator passes through three countries: the Maldives, Indonesia, and Kiribati, which is in Oceania. The distance around the Earth at the Equator, its circumference, is 40,075 kilometres (24,901 miles). [69], According to Freedom House, restrictions on the media and civil society have decreased since 2017. The territories of the Viceroyalty - New Granada (Colombia), Venezuela, and Quito - gained their independence between 1819 and 1822 and formed a federation known as Gran Colombia. Ecuador was placed in 96th position of innovation in technology in a 2013 World Economic Forum study. Ecuador protested that it claimed the Amazon Basin between the Caqueta river and the Maraon-Amazon river. Countries Along the Equator . Moreover, the Cauca region, throughout its long history, had very strong economic and cultural ties with the people of Ecuador. The 11 countries traversed by the equator include So Tom and Prncipe, Gabon, Republic of the Congo, The Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, Kenya, Somalia, Indonesia, Ecuador, Colombia, and Brazil. This is done in the four basic specialties of pediatric, gynecology, clinic medicine, and surgery. [2], In the early years of World War II, Ecuador still admitted a certain number of immigrants, and in 1939, when several South American countries refused to accept 165 Jewish refugees from Germany aboard the ship Koenigstein, Ecuador granted them entry permits.[176]. The history behind the Inca drama "Ollantay", the oldest literary piece in existence for any Amerindian language in America,[196] shares some similarities with the work of Collahuazo. In August 2018, Ecuador withdrew from Bolivarian Alliance for the Peoples of Our America (Alba), a regional bloc of leftwing governments led by Venezuela. [citation needed] [69], According to Human Rights Watch (HRW) former president Correa intimidated journalists and subjected them to "public denunciation and retaliatory litigation". Use of these Amerindian languages is, however, gradually diminishing due to Spanish's widespread use in education. Most regions in Ecuador follow the traditional three-course meal of soup, a course that includes rice and a protein, and then dessert and coffee to finish. On 21 July 1924, the Ponce-Castro Oyanguren Protocol was signed between Ecuador and Peru where both agreed to hold direct negotiations and to resolve the dispute in an equitable manner and to submit the differing points of the dispute to the United States for arbitration. Ecuador adopted the United States dollar on 13 April 2000 as its national currency and on 11 September, the country eliminated the Ecuadorian sucre, in order to stabilize the country's economy. After being elected in 2017, President Lenin Moreno's government adopted economically liberal policies: reduction of public spending, trade liberalization, flexibility of the labour code, etc. Ecuador has often placed great emphasis on multilateral approaches to international issues. The "Comunidad de Culto Israelita" reunites the Jews of Guayaquil. [68], UN's Human Rights Council's (HRC) Universal Periodic Review (UPR) has treated the restrictions on freedom of expression and efforts to control NGOs and recommended that Ecuador should stop the criminal sanctions for the expression of opinions, and delay in implementing judicial reforms. [117], Oil accounts for 40% of exports and contributes to maintaining a positive trade balance. The Equator Facts | Earth | Nature | Eden Channel - UKTV [115] In 2001, it was estimated at 40% of the population, while by 2011 the figure dropped to 17.4% of the total population. The justice system is buttressed by the independent offices of public prosecutor and the public defender. On 10 October, protesters overran the capital Quito causing the Government of Ecuador to relocate to Guayaquil,[53] but the government had plans to return to Quito. Countries of the Equator - HubPages The most famous imaginary line on Earth, the equator touches just three continents and passes through only 11 countries. The 1797 Riobamba earthquake, which caused up to 40,000 casualties, was studied by Alexander von Humboldt, when he visited the area in 18011802. [116] The oil trade balance positive had revenues of $3.295 million in 2008, while non-oil was negative, amounting to $2.842 million. Countries That Lie on the Equator - ThoughtCo The coup d'tat was led by General Guillermo Rodrguez and executed by navy commander Jorge Queirolo G. The new president exiled Jos Mara Velasco to Argentina. Southern Hemisphere - Wikipedia The 33rd parallel north is a circle of latitude that is 33 degrees north of the Earth's equatorial plane.It is approximate at the midpoint between the equator (0 degrees) and the Arctic Circle (66.6 degrees North Latitude.) This situation came from the improvement of the economic situation in Liguria. Learn more about the world with our collection of regional and country maps. Often, people believe that when flushing a toilet, water spins in different directions depending on which side of the hemisphere a person stands. Other new developments include the National Unity bridge complex in Guayaquil, the bridge over the Napo river in Francisco de Orellana, the Esmeraldas River Bridge in the city of the same name, and, perhaps the most remarkable of all, the Bahia San Vincente Bridge, being the largest on the Latin American Pacific coast. Citizens with no formal employment may still contribute to the social security system voluntarily and have access to the medical services rendered by the social security system. , This page was last edited on 28 July 2023, at 07:04. Astrologers have also identified an imaginary circle in the heavens, obtained . Not in vain, Ecuador is considered one of the 17 countries where the planet's highest biodiversity is concentrated, being also the largest country with diversity per km2 in the world. The country is a founding member of the United Nations, Organization of American States, Mercosur, PROSUR, and the Non-Aligned Movement. Eventually, through wars and marriage alliances of their leaders, groups of nations formed confederations. 28.0K views13 items. The distance from the Equator to either the North Pole or the South Pole is approximately 10,000 km (6,215 miles). [2] The Galpagos Islands are sometimes considered part of Oceania,[81][82][83][84][85][86][87] which would thus make Ecuador a transcontinental country under certain definitions. Its route starts in the south of Cuenca and ends in the north at the Parque Industrial neighbourhood. Ecuadorian cuisine is diverse, varying with the altitude, associated agricultural conditions, and ethnic / racial communities. In the Amazon region, a dietary staple is the yuca, elsewhere called cassava. Some land areas are sparsely populated, but others, like Ecuador, have large populations and have some of their largest cities on the equator. The Supreme Council included two other members: General Guillermo Durn Arcentales and General Luis Pintado. The equator is an imaginary line of latitude around the earth, or any other planet, that separates it into two equal parts, normally the northern hemisphere and the southern hemisphere. [172] In rural areas, only 10% of the children go on to high school. Contemporary Ecuadorian writers include the novelist Jorge Enrique Adoum; the poet Jorge Carrera Andrade; the essayist Benjamn Carrin; the poets Medardo Angel Silva, Jorge Carrera Andrade, and Luis Alberto Costales; the novelist Enrique Gil Gilbert; the novelist Jorge Icaza (author of the novel Huasipungo, translated to many languages); the short story author Pablo Palacio; and the novelist Alicia Yanez Cossio. We've got you covered with our map collection. In Ecuador it is the "national genre of music". The Global South is a term that broadly comprises countries in the regions of Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean, Asia (without Israel, Japan, and South Korea), and Oceania (without Australia and New Zealand), according to the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD). New infectious diseases such as smallpox, endemic to the Europeans, caused high fatalities among the Amerindian population during the first decades of Spanish rule, as they had no immunity. In January 2009, the Central Bank of Ecuador (BCE) put the 2010 growth forecast at 6.88%. A few countries in cold climates, including Canada, Norway and Russia, likely benefited economically from global warming in past decades, while poorer countries closer to the equator suffered . The rehabilitation and reopening of the Ecuadorian railroad and use of it as a tourist attraction is one of the recent developments in transportation matters.[146]. Noticias Espaa Los titulares de hoy", Ecuador GDP Grew 4.3 Percent Average Per Year From 2007 to 2012, "El Banco Central de Ecuador sita el crecimiento del 2008 en ms del 6%", Producto Interno Bruto (PIB) Tasa de Crecimiento Real (%), Banco Central del Ecuador Resumen de pib, "Ecuador Inflation rate (consumer prices) Economy", Ecuadorian Inflation Accelerated to Three-Year High in 2011, Comisin Econmica para Amrica Latina y el Caribe, CEPAL, Bases de Datos y Publicaciones Estadsticas "Tasa de desempleo", "New Paper Examines Ecuador's Success in Emerging from Economic Recession; Reducing Poverty and Unemployment Press Releases", "Ecuador first-half trade surplus rises to $390 mln Energy & Oil-Reuters", "Ecuador declares force majeure for oil exports, output due to erosion", "Ecuador Resumes Oil Exports From Amazon as Fields Resume Pumping", Ecuador: Evolucion de la Balanza Comercial, "Downloads Statistics Production-Related Documents", "Mapping for Results Ecuador, Latin America & Caribbean", Ecuador Facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia.com articles about Ecuador, South American Community Nations Andean Community -CAN, "Profile: Mercosur Common Market of the South", "UNASUR (South American organization) Britannica Online Encyclopedia", "Ecuador says pays off last debt with IMF", Ecuador ocupa el puesto 96 en innovacin tecnolgica, "Release of the Global Innovation Index 2020: Who Will Finance Innovation? The country has four main geographic regions: Ecuador's capital and largest city is Quito,[89] which is in the province of Pichincha in the Sierra region. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. In the system of latitude and longitude, the Equator is the line with 0 latitude. trudel2981 +1. Global North and Global South - Wikipedia Consequently, land and sea areas both directly above and adjacent to the Equator are characterized by frequent cloudiness and thunderstorm activity and heavy rainfall. Later, a brief war erupted between Colombia and Peru, over Peru's claims to the Caquet region, which ended with Peru reluctantly signing the Salomon-Lozano Treaty on 24 March 1922. [30] The descendants of enslaved Ecuadorians are among today's Afro-Ecuadorian population. There are 11 countries through which the equator passes. The use of Quipu was banned by the Spanish,[195] and in order to preserve their work, many Inca poets had to resort to the use of the Latin alphabet to write in their native Quechua language. What is the distance from the Equator to either the North or South poles? 13 Places to Go Along the Equator | The Discoverer Brush up on your geography and finally learn what countries are in Eastern Europe with our maps. [4], Ecuador also has a small population of Asian origins, mainly those from West Asia, like the economically well off descendants of Lebanese and Palestinian immigrants, who are either Christian or Muslim (see Islam in Ecuador), and an East Asian community mainly consisting of those of Japanese and Chinese descent, whose ancestors arrived as miners, farmhands and fishermen in the late 19th century.[2]. The equator is a line which is not real drawn around a sphere or planet, such as the Earth. The inflation rate until January 2008, was about 1.14%, the highest in the past year, according to the government. Peru began occupying the missionary villages in the Mainas or Maynas region, which it began calling Loreto, with its capital in Iquitos. Tecnocumbia and Rockola are clear examples of the influence of foreign cultures. Etymology. There are over 200 countries in the World. Pasillo is a genre of indigenous Latin music. [26] Each civilization developed its own distinctive architecture, pottery, and religious interests. In the highland region, various dishes of pork, chicken, and cuy (guinea pig)[191] are popular and are served with a variety of grains (especially rice and mote) or potatoes. During the struggle for independence, before Peru or Ecuador became independent nations, a few areas of the former Vice Royalty of New Granada Guayaquil, Tumbez, and Jan declared themselves independent from Spain. Ecuador is divided into 24 provinces (Spanish: provincias), each with its own administrative capital: The provinces are divided into cantons and further subdivided into parishes (parroquias). [124] Ecuador also produces coffee, rice, potatoes, cassava (manioc, tapioca), plantains and sugarcane; cattle, sheep, pigs, beef, pork and dairy products; fish, and shrimp; and balsa wood. Equatorial countries are home to most of the world's tropical rainforests. You can also expect plenty of sunshine and warm temperatures. The other two lines of latitude are the Arctic Circle and the Antarctic Circle, which are areas that can just barely see the center of the sun on the solstices. This is dependent on elevation and on the currents of nearby bodies of water. The equator acts as the center between the north and south poles. [190]. A few months later, a part of the Peruvian liberation army of San Martin decided to occupy the independent cities of Tumbez and Jan with the intention of using these towns as springboards to occupy the independent city of Guayaquil and then to liberate the rest of the Audiencia de Quito (Ecuador). Popular sentiment in Ecuador became strongly nationalistic against Peru: graffiti could be seen on the walls of Quito referring to Peru as the "Cain de Latinoamrica", a reference to the murder of Abel by his brother Cain in the Book of Genesis.

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